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Writing Key Words

Some Key Words for Historical Writing

Thanks to Ed Borges

Key Words for Linkage or Transition

Emphasizing or Strengthening
In addition	Correspondingly	In fact
Again	Equally	In general
Also	Equally important	In the same fashion
Another	For example	Likewise
As if	For instance	Moreover
As much as	Furthermore	Of course
As though	In a like manner	Similarly
Besides	In addition to	Too

Contrasting or explaining an exception
Although	However	On the contrary
And yet	In comparison	On the other hand
Besides	In comparison to	Otherwise
By comparison	In place of	Still
By contrast	In spite of	Unfortunately
Conversely	Instead	Unless
Differing from	Less important	Whereas
Even if	Nevertheless	Yet
Even though	Notwithstanding

Sequencing or order of importance
Above all	Gradually	Presently
Afterward	Hereafter	Since
As soon as	Immediately	Subsequently
Earlier	In the end	Thereafter
Equally important	In the first place	Thereupon
Eventually	In the meantime	Until
First	Meanwhile	When
Formerly	Next
Further	Of greater importance
Furthermore	Of lesser importance

Indicating cause, result, consequence or purpose
Accordingly	For this reason	So
As	Hence	Then
As a result	In any case	Therefore
Because	In fact	Thus
Consequently	Provided that	Gradually
Finally	Since

	Illustrating
As an example	For example	For instance
	Specifically

Key Words: Synonyms

Said
Added	Asserted	Remarked
Continued	Commented	Reported
Stated	Declared
Announced	Observed

Acknowledging or revealing
Acknowledged	Avowed	Divulged
Admitted	Conceded	Revealed
Affirmed	Confessed
Alleged	Disclosed

Explanatory
Answered	Responded
Explained	Retorted
Rejoined	Returned
Replied

Argumentative
Contended	Emphasized	Maintained
Countered	Exclaimed	Proclaimed

Suggestive
Hinted	Insinuated	Suggested
Implied	Intimated

Power Words
Asserts	Exemplifies	Reveals
Criticizes	Illustrates	Signifies
Compliments	Indicates	Strengthens
Demonstrates	Portrays	Symbolizes
Embraces	Reflects	Undermines

Actual DBQ and Essay Questions 1971-2011 (Organized by historical chronology)

Actual DBQ and Essay Questions 1971-2011 (Organized by historical chronology)

                                                                  

Type	Period	Year	Question
DBQ	0-Colonial	1993	Although New England and the Chesapeake region were both settled largely by people of English origin, by 1700 the regions had evolved into two distinct societies.  Why did this difference in development occur? (1993)
DBQ	0-Colonial	2010	In what ways did ideas and values held by Puritans influence the political, economic, and social development of the New England colonies from 1630 through the 1660s? (2010)
FRE	0-Colonial	2005B	“Geography was the primary factor in shaping the development of the British colonies in North America.”  Assess the validity of this statement for the 1600’s.
FRE	0-Colonial	1975	Although many Northerners and Southerners came later to think of themselves as having separate civilizations, the Northern and Southern colonies in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries were in fact more similar than different.  Assess the validity of this statement. (75)
FRE	0-Colonial	2000	Analyze the cultural and economic responses of TWO of the following groups to the Indians of North America before 1750: (2000) British French Spanish
FRE	0-Colonial	2006	Analyze the differences between t he Spanish settlements in the Southwest and the English colonies in New England in the seventeenth century in terms of TWO of the following: (2006) Politics Religion Economic Development
FRE	0-Colonial	1998	Analyze the extent to which religious freedom existed in the British North American colonies prior to 1700. (1998)
FRE	0-Colonial	2002B	Analyze the impact of the Atlantic trade routes established in the mid-1600’s on economic development in the British North American colonies.  Consider the period 1650-1750.
FRE	0-Colonial	2011	Analyze the origins and development of slavery in Britain’s North American colonies in the period 1607 to 1776.
FRE	0-Colonial	1994	Analyze the ways in which TWO of the following influenced the development of American society. (1994) Puritanism during the seventeenth century The Great Awakening during the eighteenth century The Second Great Awakening during the nineteenth century
FRE	0-Colonial	2011B	Compare and contrast the British, French, and Spanish imperial goals in North America between 1580 and 1763.
FRE	0-Colonial	2005	Compare and contrast the ways in which economic development affected politics in Massachusetts and Virginia in the period 1606-1750. (2005)
FRE	0-Colonial	2002	Compare the ways in which religion shaped the development of colonial society (to 1740) in TWO of the following regions: (2002) New England Chesapeake Middle Atlantic
FRE	0-Colonial	2003B	Compare the ways in which TWO of the following reflected tensions in colonial society. Bacon’s Rebellion (1676) Pueblo Revolt (1680) Salem Witch Trials (1692) Stono Rebellion (1739)
FRE	0-Colonial	2008	Early encounters between American Indians and European colonists led to a variety of relationships among the different cultures. Analyze how the actions taken by BOTH American Indians and European colonists shaped those relationships in TWO of the following regions. Confine your answer to the 1600s.(2008) New England Chesapeake Spanish Southwest New York and New France
FRE	0-Colonial	2010B	Evaluate the influence of religion on the development of colonial society in TWO of the following regions. The Spanish Southwest New England New France
FRE	0-Colonial	1995	For the period before 1750, analyze the ways in which Britain’s policy of salutary neglect influenced the development of American society as illustrated in the following. (1995) Legislative assemblies Commerce Religion
FRE	0-Colonial	2001	How did economic, geographic and social factors encourage the growth of slavery as an important part of the economy of the southern colonies between 1607 and 1775? (2001)
FRE	0-Colonial	1983	In the seventeenth century, New England Puritans tried to create a model society.  What were their aspirations, and to what extent were those aspirations fulfilled during  the seventeenth century? (83)
FRE	0-Colonial	1974	Puritanism bore within itself the seeds of its own destruction. Apply this generalization.  (74)
FRE	0-Colonial	1990	Throughout the colonial period, economic concerns had more to do with the settling of British North America than did religious concerns. Assess the validity of this statement with specific reference to economic and religious concerns.  (90)
FRE	0-Colonial	1981	To what extent and why did religious toleration increase in the American colonies during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?  Answer with reference to Three individuals, events, or movements in American religion during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. (81)
FRE	0-Colonial	1972	What role did un-free labor play in colonial American society? (72)
DBQ	1-Revolution	1985	From 1781 to 1789 the Articles of Confederation provided the United States with an effective government.”  Assess the validity of this statement.  (85 DBQ)
DBQ	1-Revolution	2004	In what ways did the French and Indian War (1754-63) alter the political, economic and ideological relations between Britain and its American colonies? (2004)
DBQ	1-Revolution	2005	To what extent did the American Revolution fundamentally change American society? In your answer be sure to address the political, social and economic effects of the Revolution from 1775 to 1800. (2005)
DBQ	1-Revolution	1999	To what extent had the colonists developed a sense of their own identity and unity as Americans by the eve of the Revolution? (1999)
DBQ	1-Revolution	1976	Was American society, as evidence by Wethersfield, Connecticut, becoming more “democratic” in the period from the 1750’s to the 1780’s.  Discuss with reference to property distribution, social structure, politics and religion.  (76 DBQ)
FRE	1-Revolution	1978	Although the thirteen American colonies were founded at different times by people with different motives and with different forms of colonial charters and political organization, by the time of the Revolution the thirteen colonies had become remarkably similar.  Assess the validity of this statement.  (78)
FRE	1-Revolution	2009B	Analyze how the ideas and experiences of the revolutionary era influenced the principles embodied in the Articles of Confederation.
FRE	1-Revolution	1997	Analyze the extent to which the American Revolution represented a radical alteration in American political ideas and institutions.  Confine your answer to the period between 1775 and 1800. (1997)
FRE	1-Revolution	2004	Analyze the impact of the American Revolution on both slavery and the status of women in the period from 1775-1800. (2004)
FRE	1-Revolution	2010	Analyze the political, diplomatic, and military reasons for the United States victory in the Revolutionary War. Confine your answer to the period 1775–1783. (2010)
FRE	1-Revolution	2009	Analyze the ways in which British imperial policies between 1763 and 1776 intensified colonials’ resistance to British rule and their commitment to republican values.(2009)
FRE	1-Revolution	1971	Between 1607 and 1763, Americans gained control of their political and economic institutions. To what extent and in what ways do you agree or disagree with this statement? (71)
FRE	1-Revolution	1987	Britain’s wars for empire, far more than its mercantilist policies, dictated the economic fortunes of Britain’s North American colonies in the eighteenth century. Assess the validity of this statement. (87)
FRE	1-Revolution	1986	Despite the view of some historians that the conflict between Great Britain and its thirteen North  American colonies was economic in origin, in fact the American Revolution had its roots in politics and other areas of American life.  Assess the validity of this statement.   ( 86)
FRE	1-Revolution	1979	During the seventeenth and increasingly in the eighteenth century, British colonists in America charged Great Britain with violating the ideals of rule of law, self-government, and, ultimately, equality of rights.  Yet the colonists themselves violated these ideals in their treatment of blacks, Native Americans, and even poorer classes of white settlers.  Assess the validity of this view. (79)
FRE	1-Revolution	1992	Evaluate the relative importance of the following as factors prompting Americans to rebel in 1776: (1992) parliamentary taxation restriction of civil liberties British military measures the legacy of colonial religious and political ideas
FRE	1-Revolution	1973	From 1600 – 1763, several European nations vied for control of the North American continent.  Why did England win the struggle? ( 73)
FRE	1-Revolution	1989	In the two decades before the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War, a profound shift occurred in the way many Americans thought and felt about the British government and their colonial governments.  Assess the validity of this statement in view of the political and constitutional debate of these decades.   (89)
FRE	1-Revolution	2007	Settlers in the eighteenth-century American backcountry sometimes resorted to violent protest to express their grievances. Analyze the causes and significance of TWO of the following: (2007) March of the Paxton Boys Regulator movement Shays' Rebellion Whiskey Rebellion
FRE	1-Revolution	1982	The American Revolution should really be called the “British Revolution” because marked changes in British colonial policy were responsible for final political division than were American actions.  Assess the validity of this statement for the period 1763 – 1776.  (82)
FRE	1-Revolution	1975	The Declaration of Independence has been variously interpreted as a bid for French support, an attempt to swing uncommitted Americans to the revolutionary cause, a statement of universal principles, and an affirmation of the traditional rights of Englishmen.  To what extent, if any are these interpretations in conflict?   ( 75)
FRE	1-Revolution	2007B	The French and Indian War (1754-1763) altered the relationship between Great Britain and her North American colonies.  Assess this change with regard to TWO of the following in the period between 1763 and 1775. Land acquisition Politics Economics
FRE	1-Revolution	1988	This history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpation, all having in direct object, the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these States.  Evaluate this accusation made against George III in the Declaration of Independence.  (88)
FRE	1-Revolution	1974	To what extent did economic issues provoke the American Revolution?  ( 74)
DBQ	2-Federal	1977	The debate over the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 revealed bitter controversies on a number of issues.  Discuss the issues involved and explain why these controversies developed.  (77 DBQ)
DBQ	2-Federal	1998	With respect to the federal Constitution, the Jeffersonian Republicans are usually characterized as strict constructionists who were opposed to the broad constructionism of the Federalists.  To what extent was this characterization of the two parties accurate during the presidencies of Jefferson and Madison? (1998)
FRE	2-Federal	1971	“Our prevailing passions are ambition and interest; and it will be the duty of a wise government to avail itself of those passions, in order to make them subservient to the public good.”   Alexander Hamilton,   1787                                  How was this viewpoint manifested in Hamilton’s financial program as Secretary of the Treasury?      ( 71)
FRE	2-Federal	2006B	“The United States Constitution of 1787 represented an economic and ideological victory for the traditional American political elite.”  Assess the validity of this statement for the period 1781 to 1789.
FRE	2-Federal	2002	Analyze the contributions of TWO of the following in helping establish a stable government after the adoption of the Constitution. (2002) John Adams Thomas Jefferson George Washington
FRE	2-Federal	1996	Analyze the degree to which the Articles of Confederation provided an effective form of government with respect to any TWO of the following. (1996) Foreign relations Economic conditions Western lands
FRE	2-Federal	2008B	Analyze the reasons for the Anti-Federalists’ opposition to the ratifying the Constitution.
FRE	2-Federal	2011B	Analyze the ways in which the political, economic, and diplomatic crises of the 1780s shaped the provisions of the United States Constitution.
FRE	2-Federal	1980	Between 1783 and 1800, the new government of the United States faced the same political, economic , and constitutional issues that troubled the British government’s relations with the colonies prior to the Revolution.  Assess the validity of this generalization.   (80)
FRE	2-Federal	2003	Evaluate the extent to which the Articles of Confederation were effective in solving the problems that confronted the new nation.(2003)
FRE	2-Federal	1994	Evaluate the relative importance of domestic and foreign affairs in shaping American politics in the 1790's. (1994)
FRE	2-Federal	1991	The Bill of Rights did not come from a desire to protect the liberties won in the American Revolution, but rather from a fear of the powers of the new federal government. Assess the validity of this statement.  (1991)
FRE	2-Federal	1972	There is no American history separate from the history of Europe.  Test this generalization by examining the impact of European events on the domestic policies of the U.S. from 1789 to 1815.  (72)
FRE	2-Federal	2004B	To what extent was the election of 1800 aptly named “The Revolution of 1800”? Respond with reference to TWO of the following areas: Economics Foreign Policy Judiciary Politics
FRE	2-Federal	2005B	To what extent was the United States Constitution a radical departure from the Articles of Confederation?
FRE	2-Federal	1984	What evidence is there for the assertion that the basic principles of the Constitution were firmly grounded in the political and religious experience of America’s colonial and revolutionary periods?  (84)
DBQ	3-Jacksonian	1980	“The decision of the Jackson administration to remove the Cherokee Indians to lands west of the Mississippi River in the 1830’s was more a reformulation of the national policy that had been in effect since the 1790’s than a change in that policy.  Assess the validity of this generalization with reference to the moral, political, constitutional, and practical concerns that shaped national Indian policy between 1789 and the mid-1830’s.  (80 DBQ)
DBQ	3-Jacksonian	2006	Discuss the changing ideals of American womanhood between the American Revolution (1770’s) and the outbreak of the Civil War. What factors fostered the emergence of “republican motherhood” and the “cult of domesticity”? Assess the extent to which these ideals influenced the lives of women during this period. In your answer be sure to consider issues of race and class. (2006)
DBQ	3-Jacksonian	2011B	Explain the ways that participation in political campaigns and elections in the United States changed between 1815 and 1840, and analyze forces and events that led to these changes.
DBQ	3-Jacksonian	2009	From 1775 to 1830, many African Americans gained freedom from slavery, yet during the same period the institution of slavery expanded. Explain why BOTH of those changes took place. Analyze the ways that BOTH free African Americans and enslaved African Americans responded to the challenges confronting them. (2009)
DBQ	3-Jacksonian	2002B	Historians have traditionally labeled the period after the War of 1812 the “Era of Good Feelings.” Evaluate the accuracy of this label, considering the emergence of nationalism and sectionalism. Use the documents and your knowledge of the period 1815-1825 to construct your answer.
DBQ	3-Jacksonian	1990	Jacksonian Democrats viewed themselves as the guardians of the United States Constitution, political democracy, individual liberty, and equality of economic opportunity.  To what extent do you agree with the Jacksonians’ view of themselves in relationship to the 1820’s and 1830’s.  (90 DBQ)
DBQ	3-Jacksonian	2002	Reform movements in the United States sought to expand democratic ideals. Assess the validity of this statement with specific reference to the years 1820-1850. (2002)
FRE	3-Jacksonian	1974	Account for the emergence of utopian communities from the mid-1820’s through the 1840’s and evaluate their success and/or failure.  (74)
FRE	3-Jacksonian	1990	Although Americans perceived Manifest Destiny as a benevolent movement, it was in fact an aggressive imperialism pursued at the expense of others.  Assess the validity of this statement with specific reference to American expansionism in the 1840’s.   (90)
FRE	3-Jacksonian	1991	Although historically represented as distinct parties, the Federalists and the Whigs in fact shared a common political ideology, represented many of the same interest groups, and proposed similar programs and policies.  Assess the validity of this statement. (1991)
FRE	3-Jacksonian	2003B	Although the power of the national government increased during the early republic, this development often faced serious opposition. Compare the motives and effectiveness of those opposed to the growing power of the national government in TWO of the following. Whiskey Rebellion (1794) Hartford Conventions, 1814-1815 Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions, 1798-1799 Nullification Crisis, 1832-1833
FRE	3-Jacksonian	1988	American reform movements between 1820 and 1860 reflected both optimistic and pessimistic views of human nature and society.  Assess the validity of this statement in reference to reform movements of THREE of the following areas: Education  Utopian experiments Temperance Penal Institutions Women’s Rights (88)
FRE	3-Jacksonian	1979	American social reform movements from 1820 to 1860 were characterized by unyielding perfectionism, impatience with compromise, and distrust of established social institutions.  These qualities explain the degree of success or failure of these movements in achieving their objectives.  Discuss with reference to BOTH anti-slavery and ONE other reform movement of the period 1820 –1860 (for example, temperance, women’s rights, communitarianism, prison reform or educational reform).  (79)
FRE	3-Jacksonian	1996	Analyze the extent to which TWO of the following influenced the development of democracy between 1820 and 1840. (1996) Jacksonian economic policy Changes in electoral politics Second Great Awakening Westward movement
FRE	3-Jacksonian	2008	Analyze the impact of the market revolution (1815–1860) on the economies of TWO of the following regions. (2008) The Northeast The Midwest The South
FRE	3-Jacksonian	2009B	Analyze the political, economic, and religious tensions between immigrant Roman Catholics and native-born Protestants in the United States from the 1830’s through the 1850’s.
FRE	3-Jacksonian	1995	Analyze the ways in which supporters of slavery in the nineteenth century used legal, religious, and economic arguments to defend the institution of slavery. (1995)
FRE	3-Jacksonian	1971	Andrew Jackson’s election as President marked the beginning of a new age in  American political history.  Assess the validity of this generalization.  (71)
FRE	3-Jacksonian	1993	Compare the expansionist foreign policies of Presidents Thomas Jefferson and James K. Polk.  To what extent did their policies strengthen the United States? (1993)
FRE	3-Jacksonian	2007B	Compare the experiences of TWO of the following groups of immigrants during the period 1830 and 1860. English Irish German
FRE	3-Jacksonian	1989	Developments in transportation, rather than in manufacturing and agriculture, sparked American economic growth in the first half of the nineteenth century.     Assess the validity of this statement. (89)
FRE	3-Jacksonian	1997	Discuss the impact of territorial expansion on national unity between 1800 and 1850. (1997)
FRE	3-Jacksonian	1973	Discuss the impact of the “transportation revolution,” 1820 – 1860, on the U.S.  (73)
FRE	3-Jacksonian	1983	Early United States foreign policy was primarily a defensive reaction to perceived  or actual threats from Europe.  Assess the validity of this generalization with reference to United States foreign policy on TWO major issues during the period from 1789 – 1825.   (83)
FRE	3-Jacksonian	1973	From the American Revolution to the Civil War, American writers (both fiction and non-fiction) sought to discuss a uniquely national culture.  Analyze this statement for any period of approximately thirty years between 1775 and 1860.   (73)
FRE	3-Jacksonian	1999	How did TWO of the following contribute to the reemergence of a two party system in the period 1820 to 1840? (1999) Major political personalities States’ rights Economic issues
FRE	3-Jacksonian	1986	In the first half of the nineteenth century, the American cultural and intellectual community contributed to the development of a distinctive American national consciousness.  Assess the validity of this statement.  (86)
FRE	3-Jacksonian	1980	In the period 1815 to 1860, improvements in transportation and increased inter- regional trade should have united Americans, but instead produced sectional division and finally disunion.  Discuss with reference to the impact of improved transportation and increased inter-regional trade on the Northeast (New England and Middle Atlantic states), the South, and the West.  (80)
FRE	3-Jacksonian	1993	In what ways did the early nineteenth-century reform movements for abolition and women’s rights illustrate both the strengths and weaknesses of democracy in the early American republic? (1993)
FRE	3-Jacksonian	2007	In what ways did the Second Great Awakening in the North influence TWO of the following? Abolitionism Temperance The cult of domesticity Utopian communities
FRE	3-Jacksonian	1974	The achievements of Generals are in the long run more decisive than the achievements of diplomats.  Assess the validity of this generalization for the U.S. in the period 1800 – 1825.   (74)
FRE	3-Jacksonian	1975	The Era of Good Feeling (1816-1824) marked the appearance of issues that transformed American politics in the next 20 years.  Assess the validity of this generalization.  (75)
FRE	3-Jacksonian	2001	The Jacksonian Period (1824-1848) has been celebrated as the era of the “common man.”  To what extent did the period live up to its characterization? Consider TWO of the following in your response.  (2001) Economic Development Politics Reform Movements
FRE	3-Jacksonian	2004B	To what extent and in what ways did the roles of women change in American society between 1790 and 1860? Domestic Political Economic Social
FRE	3-Jacksonian	2011	To what extent did political parties contribute to the development of national unity in the United States between 1790 and 1840?
DBQ	4-Disunion	2005B	In the early nineteenth century, Americans sought to resolve their political disputes through compromise, yet by 1860, this no longer seemed possible. Analyze the reasons for this change. Use the documents and your knowledge of the period 1820-1860 in constructing your response.
DBQ	4-Disunion	1996	In what ways and to what extent did constitutional and social developments between 1860 and 1877 amount to a revolution? (1996)
DBQ	4-Disunion	2009B	In what ways did African Americans shape the course and consequences of the Civil War?  Confine your answer to the years 1861 to 1870.
DBQ	4-Disunion	1982	John Brown’s raid on the federal armory at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in October, 1859, involved only a handful of abolitionists, freed no slaves, and was over in two days. Although many Northerners condemned the raid, by 1863 John Brown had become a Hero and martyr in the North.  To what extent do the views about John Brown illustrate changing North-South relations between 1859 and 1863?  (82 DBQ)
DBQ	4-Disunion	2010B	The issue of territorial expansion sparked considerable debate in the period 1800 to 1855.  Analyze this debate and evaluate the influence of both supporters and opponents of territorial expansion in shaping federal government policy.   Use the documents and your knowledge of the years 1800 to 1855 in your answer.
DBQ	4-Disunion	1974	To what extent was President-elect Abraham Lincoln responsible for the defeat of the Crittenden proposal on the territorial expansion of slavery?  (74 DBQ)
FRE	4-Disunion	1987	“By the 1850’s the Constitution, originally framed as an instrument of national unity, had become a source of sectional tension and ultimately contributed to the failure of  the union it had created.”  Assess the validity of this statement based on the years 1850 to 1861.  (87 DBQ)
FRE	4-Disunion	1988	“I am not, nor ever have been, in favor of bringing about in any way the social and political equality of the white and black races.”  How can this 1858 statement of Abraham Lincoln be reconciled with his 1862 Emancipation Proclamation? (88)
FRE	4-Disunion	2004	Analyze the effectiveness of political compromise in reducing sectional tensions in the period 1820 to 1861. (2004)
FRE	4-Disunion	2009	Analyze the social, political, and economic forces of the 1840s and early 1850s that led to the emergence of the Republican Party.(2009)
FRE	4-Disunion	2010	Analyze the ways in which controversy over the extension of slavery into western territories contributed to the coming of the Civil War. Confine your answer to the period 1845–1861.(2010)
FRE	4-Disunion	2000	Assess the moral arguments and political actions of those opposed to the spread of slavery in the context of TWO of the following. (2000) Missouri Compromise Mexican War Compromise of 1850 Kansas-Nebraska Act
FRE	4-Disunion	1981	At various times between 1789 and 1861, Americans changed their positions on the constitutional question of loose construction or strict construction as best suited their economic or political interests.  Discuss this statement with reference to any TWO individuals or groups who took positions on this constitutional question.  (81)
FRE	4-Disunion	2010B	Compare and contrast the experience of slaves on tobacco plantations in the early seventeenth-century Chesapeake regions with that of slaves on nineteenth-century cotton plantations in the Deep South.  What forces transformed the institution of slavery from the early seventeenth century to the nineteenth century?
FRE	4-Disunion	1983	How do you account for the failure of Reconstruction (1865 – 1877) to bring social and economic equality of opportunity to the former slaves?  (83)
FRE	4-Disunion	2006B	In what ways and to what extent was industrial development from 1800 to 1860 a factor in the relationship between the northern and southern states.
FRE	4-Disunion	2006B	In what ways and to what extent was industrial development from 1800 to 1860 a factor in the relationship between the northern and southern states?
FRE	4-Disunion	2003	In what ways did developments in transportation bring about economic and social change in the United States in the period 1820 to 1860? (2003)
FRE	4-Disunion	1984	Slavery was the dominating reality of all southern life.  Assess the validity of this generalization for TWO of the following aspects of southern life from about 1840 to 1860: political, social, economic, and intellectual life.  (84)
FRE	4-Disunion	1972	Supreme Court decisions reinforce state and federal legislation.  Assess the validity of this generalization for THREE decisions of the Supreme Court prior to the Civil War.  (72)
FRE	4-Disunion	1971	The South never had a chance to win the Civil War.  To what extent, and why, do you agree or disagree with this statement?  (71)
FRE	4-Disunion	1978	The unpopular ideas and causes of one period often gain popularity and support in another, but the ultimate price of success is usually the alteration or subversion of the original ideas and programs.  For the period 1830-1870, discuss this statement with reference to BOTH (A) the ideas and activities of abolitionists and (B) the policies of the Republican Party.   ( 78)
FRE	4-Disunion	1984	Throughout our history, the Supreme Court has acted as a partisan political body rather than a neutral arbiter of constitutional principles.  Assess the validity of this generalization for the period 1800 – 1860.  (84)
FRE	4-Disunion	2005	To what extent did the debates about the Mexican War and its aftermath reflect the sectional interests of New Englanders, westerners and southerners in the period 1845 to 1855? (2005)
FRE	4-Disunion	2008B	Use TWO of the following categories to analyze the ways in which African Americans created a distinctive culture in slavery. Family Music Oral traditions Religions
FRE	4-Disunion	1973	Why did the institution of slavery command the loyalty of the vast majority of ante-bellum whites, despite the fact that only a small percentage of them owned slaves  (73)
DBQ	5-Gilded&Prog	2003B	Analyze the effectiveness of Progressive Era reformers and the federal government in bringing about reform at the national level.  In your answer be sure to analyze the successes and limitations of these efforts in the period 1900-1920.
DBQ	5-Gilded&Prog	2007	Analyze the ways in which technology, government policy, and economic   conditions changed American agriculture in the period 1865-1900.In your answer be sure to evaluate farmers' responses to these changes. (2007)
DBQ	5-Gilded&Prog	1989	Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois offered different strategies for dealing with problems of poverty and discrimination faced by Black Americans at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth centuries.  Assess the appropriateness of each of these strategies in the historical context in which each was developed (1877-1915).  (89 DBQ)
DBQ	5-Gilded&Prog	2003B	Evaluate the effectiveness of the Progressive Era reformers and the federal government in bringing about reform at the national level. In your answer be sure to analyze the successes and limitations of these efforts in the period 1900-1920.
DBQ	5-Gilded&Prog	1983	Explain the reason for agrarian discontent and evaluate the validity of the farmers’ complaints in regards to the problems many farmers in the late nineteenth century (1880-1900) saw as threats to their way of life.  (83 DBQ)
DBQ	5-Gilded&Prog	1981	How and why did the lives and status of Northern middle-class women change between 1776 and 1876?  (81 DBQ)
DBQ	5-Gilded&Prog	2000	How successful was organized labor in improving the position of workers in the period from 1875 to 1900? Analyze the factors that lead to the level of success achieved. (2000)
DBQ	5-Gilded&Prog	1978	In the twentieth century prohibition spread by states’ passing local option laws, which permitted a unit of local government, such as a county, to prohibit the sale or consumption of alcoholic beverages.  After an important campaign by the Anti- Saloon League and other prohibitionist organizations and reform groups, national Prohibition was achieved by the ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment to the federal Constitution in 1919.  What accounts for the success of the prohibition movement in the United States during the era of progressive reform, 1900-1919? Consider the social composition of the prohibitionists, their motives, strategy and Pressure-group tactics, and the relationship of prohibitionism to progressive     reform.      (78 DBQ)
DBQ	5-Gilded&Prog	1979	To what extent and for what reasons did the policies of the federal government from 1865 to 1900 violate the principles of laissez faire, which advocated minimal government intervention in the economy?  Consider with specific reference to the following three areas of policy:  railroad land grants, control of interstate commerce, and anti-trust activities.  (79 DBQ)
DBQ	5-Gilded&Prog	1997	To what extent did economic and political developments as well as assumptions about the nature of women affect the position of American women during the period 1890 – 1925? (1997)
FRE	5-Gilded&Prog	1987	“Throughout its history, the United States has been a land of refuge and opportunity for immigrants.”  Assess the validity of this statement in view of the experience of TWO of the following: The Scotch-Irish on the eighteenth century Appalachian frontier The Irish in the nineteenth century urban Northeast The Chinese in the nineteenth century west     (87)
FRE	5-Gilded&Prog	1975	A number of writers and reformers in the period 1865-1914 discussed the growing gap between wealth and poverty in the United States.  Compare and contrast THREE of the following authors’ explanations for this condition and their proposal for dealing with it. Henry George :   Progress and Poverty Edward Bellamy:   Looking Backwards Andrew Carnegie:   The Gospel of Wealth William Graham Sumner:   What Social Classes Owe to Each Other Upton Sinclair:   The Jungle
FRE	5-Gilded&Prog	1971	Account for the growth of ONE of the following major urban centers during the period indicated: Boston, 1630 – 1700                  Cincinnati, 1790 – 1860 New York, 1790 –1860               Chicago, 1830 – 1900 New Orleans, 1790 – 1860       Salt Lake City, 1845 – 1900 Atlanta, 1870 – 1940                  Los Angeles, 1890 –1960      (71)
FRE	5-Gilded&Prog	1975	Although many Americans between 1870 and 1915 blamed political corruption at the state and local level on public indifference or greedy politicians, such corruption reflected a serious crisis of traditional institutions in dealing with social and economic problems of modern America.  Assess the validity of this generalization. (75)
FRE	5-Gilded&Prog	1988	Although the economic growth of the United States between 1860 and 1900 has been attributed to a governmental policy of laissez-faire, it was in fact encouraged and sustained by direct governmental intervention.  Assess the validity of this statement. (88)
FRE	5-Gilded&Prog	1980	Although the United States is widely regarded as the home of free enterprise, business values, and materialism, American fiction since 1865 has generally been critical of business behavior and values.  Assess the validity of this generalization with reference to the work of at least TWO writers who have treated the behavior and values of businessmen in their fiction since 1865.   (80)
FRE	5-Gilded&Prog	1982	Americans have been a highly mobile people.  Describe and account for the dominant Population Movements between 1820 and 1900.  (82)
FRE	5-Gilded&Prog	1971	Analyze and evaluate Booker T. Washington’s program for American Blacks and W.E.B. DuBois’s challenge to that program.  (71)
FRE	5-Gilded&Prog	1995	Analyze reasons for the emergence of the Populist movement in the late nineteenth century. (1995)
FRE	5-Gilded&Prog	1997	Analyze the economic consequences of the Civil War with respect to any TWO of the following in the United States between 1865 and 1880. (1997) Agriculture Labor Industrialization Transportation
FRE	5-Gilded&Prog	2010B	Analyze the effectiveness of Progressive era reformers in addressing the problems of the late nineteenth century and early twentieth centuries. In you answer, focus on reform efforts in TWO of the following areas. State and federal government The workplace Living conditions in cities
FRE	5-Gilded&Prog	1998	Analyze the impact of any TWO of the following on the American industrial worker between 1865 and 1900. (1998) Government actions Immigration Labor unions Technological changes
FRE	5-Gilded&Prog	2004B	Analyze the primary causes of the population shift from a rural to an urban environment in the United States between 1875 and 1925.
FRE	5-Gilded&Prog	2010	Analyze the roles that women played in Progressive Era reforms from the 1880s through 1920. Focus your essay on TWO of the following.(2010) Politics Social conditions Labor and working conditions
FRE	5-Gilded&Prog	2003B	Analyze the ways in which farmers and industrial workers responded to industrialization in the Gilded Age (1865-1890).
FRE	5-Gilded&Prog	1993	Analyze the ways in which state and federal legislation and judicial decisions, including those of the Supreme Court, affected the efforts of any TWO of the following groups to improve their position in society between 1880 and 1920. (1993) African Americans Farmers Workers
FRE	5-Gilded&Prog	1986	Andrew Carnegie has been viewed by some historians as the “prime representative of the industrial age” and by others as “an industrial leader atypical of the period. Assess the validity of these views.  (86)
FRE	5-Gilded&Prog	1974	Assess the changing status of Blacks between emancipation and the end of the nineteenth century. (74)
FRE	5-Gilded&Prog	1974	Both the Jacksonian Democrats during 1824-1840 and the Populists during 1890 1896 attacked and sought out special privilege in American life.  The Jacksonian Democrats attained power and succeeded; the populists failed.  Assess the validity of this view.  Give roughly equal attention to the Jacksonian Democrats and the Populists.   (74)
FRE	5-Gilded&Prog	2009	Choose TWO of the following organizations and explain their strategies for advancing the interests of workers. To what extent were these organizations successful in achieving their objectives? Confine your answer to the period from 1875 to 1925. Knights of Labor American Federation of Labor Socialist Party of America Industrial Workers of the World
FRE	5-Gilded&Prog	1994	Compare and contrast the attitudes of THREE of the following toward the wealth that was created in the United States during the late nineteenth century. (1994) Andrew Carnegie Eugene V. Debs Horatio Alger Booker T. Washington Ida M. Tarbell
FRE	5-Gilded&Prog	2001	Describe and account for the rise of nativism in American society from 1900 to 1940. (2001)
FRE	5-Gilded&Prog	1972	Did the Republican Party from 1877 –1896 abandon its earlier principles and succumb to expediency?  (72)
FRE	5-Gilded&Prog	1972	Discuss the development of the women’s suffrage movement and account for its success.  (72)
FRE	5-Gilded&Prog	1992	Discuss the political, economic, and social reforms introduced in the South between 1864 and 1877.  To what extent did these reforms survive the Compromise of 1877? (1992)
FRE	5-Gilded&Prog	2003	Evaluate the impact of the Civil War on political and economic developments in TWO of the following regions. Focus your answer on the period between 1865 and 1900.(2003) The South The North The West
FRE	5-Gilded&Prog	2007B	Explain how TWO of the following individuals responded to the economic and social problems created by industrialization in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Jane Addams Andrew Carnegie Samuel Gompers Upton Sinclair
FRE	5-Gilded&Prog	2006	Explain why and how  the role of the Federal government changed as a result of the Civil War with respect to TWO of the following during the period 1861-1877: (2006) Race Relations Economic Development Westward Expansion
FRE	5-Gilded&Prog	2008	Following Reconstruction, many southern leaders promoted the idea of a “New South.” To what extent was this “New South” a reality by the time of the First World War? In your answer be sure to address TWO of the following.  (2008) Economic development Politics Race relations
FRE	5-Gilded&Prog	1991	From the 1840’s through the 1890’s women’s activities in the intellectual, social, economic, and political spheres effectively challenged traditional attitudes about women’s place in society. Asses the validity of this statement.(1991)
FRE	5-Gilded&Prog	2001	How and why did transportation developments spark economic growth during the period from 1860 to 1900 in the United States? (2001)
FRE	5-Gilded&Prog	2005B	How successful were Progressive reforms during the period 1890 to 1915 with respect to TWO of the following? Industrial conditions Urban life Politics
FRE	5-Gilded&Prog	2002B	Identify and analyze the factors that changed the American city in the second half of the nineteenth century.
FRE	5-Gilded&Prog	1981	In American politics the most significant battles have occurred within the major parties rather than between them.  Discuss this statement with reference to the periods 1850 –1861 and 1900 –1912. (81)
FRE	5-Gilded&Prog	1989	In what ways were the late nineteenth century Populists the heirs of the Jacksonian Democrats with respect to overall objectives AND specific proposals for reform? (89)
FRE	5-Gilded&Prog	1979	Ironically, popular belief in the “self-sufficient farmer” and the “self-made man” increased during the nineteenth century as the reality behind these beliefs faded. Assess the validity of this statement.  (79)
FRE	5-Gilded&Prog	1985	Most major religious movements reflect significant shifts in religious beliefs and produce important social changes.  Apply this generalization  to TWO of the following: Seventeenth century Puritans   The Second Great Awakening The First Great Awakening                        The Social Gospel Movement (85)
FRE	5-Gilded&Prog	1977	Paradoxically, Darwinism provided a justification for both social conservatism and social reform in the period from 1870-1915.  Discuss this statement   (77)
FRE	5-Gilded&Prog	1973	Political movements in the U.S. often reflect a yearning for the past.  Assess the validity of this statement in reference to the Populists.   (73)
FRE	5-Gilded&Prog	1987	Popular fascination with the cowboy, the pioneer, and stories of Horatio Alger in the period 1870 to 1915 reflected America’s uneasiness of transition from an agrarian to an industrial society.  Assess the validity of this statement.   (87)
FRE	5-Gilded&Prog	1976	The legal, political, and economic rights achieved by minorities and women in the  United States have come largely during periods of major reform movements, which both helped the struggle of these groups and set limits to them.  Assess the validity of this statement for the history of one or more of these groups in the period 1830-1920.  (76)
FRE	5-Gilded&Prog	1977	The path to labor organization was marked by false starts and wrong moves.  Assess the validity of this generalization for the period 1865 – 1900.  (77)
FRE	5-Gilded&Prog	1987	The Progressive movement of 1901 to 1917 was a triumph of conservatism rather than a victory for liberalism.  Assess the validity of this generalization.  (87)
FRE	5-Gilded&Prog	1971	The United States in the Gilded Age (1865 –1900) was a materialistic society, sterile in all forms of artistic expression.  Assess the validity of this statement by discussing literature and the arts (include architecture if you wish)  (71)
FRE	5-Gilded&Prog	2007	To what extent did the role of the federal government change under President Theodore Roosevelt in regard to TWO of the following: (2007) Labor Trusts Conservation World affairs
DBQ	6-West/Imp/WWI	1975	Analyze the factors that influenced the Senate in ratifying the Treaty of Paris in 1899 and assess their relative significance.  (75 DBQ)
DBQ	6-West/Imp/WWI	1991	It was the strength of the opposition forces, both liberal and conservative, rather than the ineptitude and stubbornness of President Wilson that led to the Senate defeat of the Treaty of Versailles. Assess the validity of this statement. (1991)
DBQ	6-West/Imp/WWI	1992	To what extent did the natural environment shape the development of the West beyond the Mississippi and the lives of those who lived and settled there?  How important were other factors? (1992)
DBQ	6-West/Imp/WWI	1994	To what extent was late nineteenth-century and early twentieth-century United States expansionism a continuation of past United States expansionism and to what extent was it a departure? (1994)
FRE	6-West/Imp/WWI	1991	Although the economic development of the Trans-Mississippi West is popularly associated with hardy individualism, it was in fact largely dependent on the federal government.  Assess the validity of this statement with specific reference to western economic activities in the nineteenth century. (1991)
FRE	6-West/Imp/WWI	2008B	Analyze the extent to which the Spanish American War was a turning point in American foreign policy.
FRE	6-West/Imp/WWI	2007B	Analyze the ways in which the federal government sought support on the home front for the war effort during the First World War.
FRE	6-West/Imp/WWI	1995	Assess the relative influence of THREE of the following in the American decision to declare war on Germany in 1917. (1995) German naval policy American economic interests Woodrow Wilson’s idealism Allied propaganda
FRE	6-West/Imp/WWI	1986	Both the Mexican War and the Spanish American War were premeditated resulting from deliberately calculated schemes of robbery on the part of a superior power against weak and defenseless neighbors.   (86)
FRE	6-West/Imp/WWI	2011B	Compare and contrast the foreign policies of Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson.
FRE	6-West/Imp/WWI	1992	Compare the debates that took place over American expansionism in the 1840’s with those that took place in the 1890’s, analyzing the similarities and differences in the debates of the two eras. (1992)
FRE	6-West/Imp/WWI	1971	Describe the thesis advanced by Frederick Jackson Turner about the relationship of the frontier to political democracy, and assess the principal arguments that later historians have made to attack or defend the thesis.  (71)
FRE	6-West/Imp/WWI	2006B	For whom and to what extent was the American West a land of opportunity from 1865 to 1900?
FRE	6-West/Imp/WWI	1985	How and why did the Monroe Doctrine become the cornerstone of United States foreign policy by the late nineteenth century?  (85)
FRE	6-West/Imp/WWI	1999	How were the lives of the Plains Indians in the second half of the nineteenth century affected by technological developments and government actions? (1999)
FRE	6-West/Imp/WWI	1977	The U.S. in the period 1898-1919 failed to recognize that it had vital interests at    take in Europe, where it tried to stay aloof.  At the same time, it had fewer or no such interests in Asia, where it eagerly became involved.  Assess the validity of this generalization.  (77)
FRE	6-West/Imp/WWI	1974	The United States entered the First World War not “to make the world safe for democracy” as President Wilson claimed, but to safeguard American economic interests.  Assess the validity of this statement.  (74)
FRE	6-West/Imp/WWI	2000	To what extent did the United States achieve the objectives that led it to enter the First World War? (2000)
FRE	6-West/Imp/WWI	1980	United States foreign policy between 1815 and 1910 was determined less by  economic than strategic, moral, or political interests.  Assess the validity of this generalization with reference to at least TWO major episodes (for example: treaties, wars, proclamations, annexations, etc.) in the foreign policy of the United States between 1815 and 1910.   (80)
DBQ	7-1920s-1930s	2003	Analyze the responses of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s administration to the problems of the Great Depression. How effective were these responses? How did they change the role of the federal government? (2003)
DBQ	7-1920s-1930s	2008B	For the years 1880 to 1925, analyze both the tensions surrounding the issue of immigration and the United States government’s responses to these tensions.  Use the following documents and your knowledge of the period from 1880 t0 1925 to construct your answer.
DBQ	7-1920s-1930s	2004B	How and for what reasons did United States foreign policy change between 1920 and 1941? Use the documents and your knowledge of the period 1920-1941 to construct your response.
DBQ	7-1920s-1930s	1984	President Franklin D. Roosevelt is commonly thought of as a liberal and President Herbert C. Hoover as a conservative.  To what extent are these characterizations valid?   (84 DBQ)
DBQ	7-1920s-1930s	1973	Relying on a critical analysis of the accompanying documents, analyze the factors that probably influenced Congress to pass the Immigration Act of 1924. (73 DBQ)
DBQ	7-1920s-1930s	1986	The 1920’s were a period of tension between new and changing attitudes on the one hand and traditional values and nostalgia on the other.  What led to the tension between old and new AND in what ways was the tension manifested?  (86 DBQ)
FRE	7-1920s-1930s	1972	Account for the increased urbanization of Black Americans in the period 1914 to 1940.  (72)
FRE	7-1920s-1930s	1972	Alienation from American society is a dominant theme of the literature of the 1920’s. Discuss this statement with reference to TWO writers (novelists, poets, playwrights, journalists, etc.) citing evidence from their works.  (72)
FRE	7-1920s-1930s	1990	Although American writers of the 1920’s and 1930’s criticized American society, the nature of their criticisms differed markedly in the two decades.  Assess the validity of this statement with specific reference to writers in both decades.    (90)
FRE	7-1920s-1930s	1975	Although often defended and attacked on purely economic grounds, the federal tariff policies of the U.S. have been more important politically than economically.  Assess the validity of this generalization in regard to TWO tariffs in U.S. history.  (75)
FRE	7-1920s-1930s	2008B	Analyze the extent to which the 1920’s and 1950’s were similar in TWO of the following: Impact of technology Intolerant attitudes Literary developments
FRE	7-1920s-1930s	1996	Analyze the ways in which the Great Depression altered the American social fabric in the 1930’s. (1996)
FRE	7-1920s-1930s	1977	Between 1776 and 1823 a young and weak United States achieved considerable success in foreign policy when confronted with the two principal European powers, Great Britain and France.  Between 1914 and 1950, however, a far more powerful United States was less successful in achieving its foreign policy objectives in Europe.  Discuss by comparing United States foreign policy in Europe during the period 1776 to 1823, with United States policy in Europe during ONE of the following periods: 1914 – 1932   OR 1933 -1950.    (77)
FRE	7-1920s-1930s	2004	Compare and contrast the programs and policies designed by the reformers of the Progressive era  to those designed by the reformers of the New Deal period. Confine your answer to the programs and policies that addressed the needs of those living in poverty. (2004)
FRE	7-1920s-1930s	2011	Compare and contrast the ways that many Americans expressed their opposition to immigrants in the 1840s–1850s with the ways that many Americans expressed their opposition to immigrants in the 1910s–1920s.
FRE	7-1920s-1930s	1974	Despite artificial similarities, the domestic programs of the New Deal constituted a fundamental departure from those of the Progressive Era.  Assess the validity of this generalization.  (74)
FRE	7-1920s-1930s	1982	Despite often brutal clashes between labor and capital in the United States during the period 1865-1940, collective working-class protest did not constitute a basic attack on the capitalistic system.  Assess the validity of this statement. (82)
FRE	7-1920s-1930s	1985	During the past four decades, historians have consistently have rated Washington, Lincoln, and FDR as the  greatest presidents.  Assess the greatness of any TWO of these, making clear the criteria on which you base your judgment. (85)
FRE	7-1920s-1930s	1977	From 1790 to the 1870’s, state and national governments intervened in the American economy mainly to aid private economic interests and promote economic growth. Between 1890 and 1929, however, government intervention was designed primarily to curb and regulate private economic activity in the public interest.  Assess the validity of this statement, discussing for EACH of these periods at least TWO major areas of public economic policy.  (77)
FRE	7-1920s-1930s	2006	Historians have argued that Progressive reform lost momentum in the 1920’s. Evaluate this statement with respect to TWO of the following. (2006) Regulation of business Labor Immigrants
FRE	7-1920s-1930s	2006B	How did TWO of the following help shape American national culture in the 1920’s? Advertising Entertainment Mass production
FRE	7-1920s-1930s	1971	How do you account for the onset of the Great Depression of the 1930’s?  (71)
FRE	7-1920s-1930s	2002B	How successful were the programs of the New Deal in solving the problems of the Great Depression?  Assess with respect to TWO of the following: Relief Recovery Reform
FRE	7-1920s-1930s	1993	Identify THREE of the following New Deal measures and analyze the ways in which each of the three attempted to fashion a more stable economy and a more equitable society? (1993) Agricultural Adjustment Act Securities and Exchange Commission Wagner National Labor Relations Act Social Security Act
FRE	7-1920s-1930s	1976	In the work of American writers from the 1820’s through the 1920’s, the city mirrored America’s darkest fears, whereas the wilderness, the country and the farm reflected the fondest hopes.  Assess the validity of this generalization.  You may draw your evidence from fiction and or non-fiction.  (76)
FRE	7-1920s-1930s	1999	In what ways did economic conditions and developments in the arts and entertainment help create the reputation of the 1920’s as the Roaring Twenties? (1999)
FRE	7-1920s-1930s	1975	Major American writers have been indifferent to the social problems of their day. State whether you agree or disagree with generalization and defend your position with reference to THREE novelists/ or poets. (75)
FRE	7-1920s-1930s	1979	Most reform legislation since 1900 has been the work of special interests seeking to advance their own well-being, but the adoption of such legislation has required the general support of others who were not directly affected but who perceived it to be in the public interest.  Assess the validity of this statement with reference to THREE examples of reform legislation since 1900.  You may draw your examples from reform at any level of government:  national, state or municipal.  (79)
FRE	7-1920s-1930s	1971	President Franklin Roosevelt was naïve and ineffective in his conduct of foreign policy from 1933 and 1941.  To what extent and in what ways do you agree or disagree with this statement.  (71)
FRE	7-1920s-1930s	2008	Presidential elections between 1928 and 1948 revealed major shifts in political party loyalties. Analyze both the reasons for these changes and their consequences during this period.
FRE	7-1920s-1930s	1986	Reform movements of the twentieth century have shown continuity in their goals and strategies. Assess the validity of this statement for ONE of the following pairs of reform movements. Progressivism and the New Deal Women’s suffrage and post-Second World War Feminism The New Deal and the Great Society  (86)
FRE	7-1920s-1930s	1974	The 1920’s witnesses an assault by rural and small town America on Urban America.  Assess the validity of this generalization.  (74)
FRE	7-1920s-1930s	1972	The depression of the 1890’s delayed reform; the depression of the 1930’s stimulated it.  To what extent and in what ways do you agree or disagree with this statement?(72)
FRE	7-1920s-1930s	1983	The economic policies of the federal government from 1921 to 1929 were responsible for the nation’s depression of the 1930’s.  Assess the validity of this generalization.  (83)
FRE	7-1920s-1930s	1975	The history of the U.S. shows that none of the three branches of the federal government is immune from the temptation to upset the system of checks and balances established by the Constitution.  Assess the validity of this generalization in regard to BOTH Congress versus the President 1865 – 1868 AND the President versus the Supreme Court 1935 – 1937.  (75)
FRE	7-1920s-1930s	1973	The New Deal did not radically alter American business, but conserved and protected it.  Assess the validity of this statement.  (73)
FRE	7-1920s-1930s	1981	The New Deal secured the support of labor and agriculture after 1932 as the Republican party had secured the support of industry and commerce since 1920 – with special interest programs giving financial aid, legal privileges, and other types of assistance.  Assess the validity of this statement, giving attention to both periods (1920 –1932 and 1932 – 1940).    (81)
FRE	7-1920s-1930s	1976	The term “isolationism “ does not adequately describe the reality of either United States foreign policy or America’s relationships with other nations during the period from Washington’s Farewell Address 1796 to 1940.  Assess the validity of this generalization.  (76)
FRE	7-1920s-1930s	1998	To what extent and why did the United States adopt an isolationist policy in the 1920’s and 1930’s? (1998)
FRE	7-1920s-1930s	1988	Why did socialism fail to become a major force in American politics between 1900 and 1940 despite widespread dissatisfaction with the social and economic order and significant support for radical movements during that time period? (88)
DBQ	8-WWII&ColdWar	2006B	Analyze developments from 1941 to 1949 that increased suspicion and tension between the United States and the Soviet Union. Use the documents and your knowledge of the period 1941-1949 to construct your response.
DBQ	8-WWII&ColdWar	2001	What were the Cold War fears of the American people in the aftermath of the Second World War? How successfully did the Eisenhower administration address those fears?        (2001)
FRE	8-WWII&ColdWar	2009	Analyze the home-front experiences of TWO of the following groups during the Second World War. African Americans Japanese Americans Jewish Americans Mexican Americans
FRE	8-WWII&ColdWar	1996	Analyze the influence of TWO of the following on American-Soviet relations in the decade following the Second World War. (1996) Yalta Conference Communist revolution in China Korean War McCarthyism
FRE	8-WWII&ColdWar	2004	Analyze the successes and failures of the United States Cold War policy of containment as it developed in TWO of the following regions during the period 1945 to 1975. (2004) East and Southeast Asia Europe Latin America Middle East
FRE	8-WWII&ColdWar	1999	Assess the success of the United States policy of containment in Asia between 1945 and 1975. (1999)
FRE	8-WWII&ColdWar	2002	Compare and contrast United States foreign policy after the First World War and after the Second World War. Consider the periods 1918-1928 and 1945-1950. (2002)
FRE	8-WWII&ColdWar	1972	Discuss the changing attitudes of historians towards the origins of the Cold War.  (72)
FRE	8-WWII&ColdWar	1984	Harry S. Truman was a realistic, pragmatic President who skillfully led the American people against the menace posed by the Soviet Union.  Assess the validity of this generalization for President Truman’s foreign policy.  (84)
FRE	8-WWII&ColdWar	1997	How do you account for the appeal of McCarthyism in the United States in the era following the Second World War? (1997)
FRE	8-WWII&ColdWar	1992	In 1945 Winston Churchill said that the United States stood at the summit of the world.  Discuss the developments in the thirty years following Churchill’s speech which called the global preeminence of the United States into question. (1992)
FRE	8-WWII&ColdWar	1982	Prior to American involvement in both the First and Second World Wars, the United States adopted an official policy of neutrality.  Compare the policy and its modifications during the period 1914-17 to the policy and its modifications during the period 1939-1941.(82)
FRE	8-WWII&ColdWar	1988	The United States decision to drop an atomic bomb on Hiroshima was a diplomatic measure calculated to intimidate the Soviet Union in the post-Second World War era rather than a strictly military measure designed to force Japan’s unconditional surrender.  Assess the validity of this statement (1939-1945).  (88 DBQ)
FRE	8-WWII&ColdWar	1978	War has frequently had unexpected consequences for the United States foreign policy but has seldom resulted in major reorientations of policy.  Discuss with reference to the First and Second world wars giving about equal attention to each. (78)
DBQ	9-Modern	1995	Analyze the changes that occurred during the 1960’s in the goals, strategies, and support of the movement for African American rights. (1995)
DBQ	9-Modern	2011	Analyze the international and domestic challenges the United States faced between 1968 and 1974, and evaluate how President Richard Nixon’s administration responded to them.
DBQ	9-Modern	2008	Analyze the ways in which the Vietnam War heightened social, political, and economic tensions in the United States. Focus your answer on the period 1964 to 1975. (2008)
DBQ	9-Modern	2007B	In what ways did the administration of President Lyndon B. Johnson respond to the political, economic, and social problems of the United States?  Assess the effectiveness of these responses.  Use the documents and your knowledge of the time period 1960 to 1970 to construct your response.
FRE	9-Modern	2007	"Landslide presidential victories do not ensure continued political effectiveness or legislative success." (2007) Assess the validity of this statement by comparing TWO of the following presidential administrations. Franklin Roosevelt (1936) Lyndon Johnson (1964) Richard Nixon (1972) Ronald Reagan (1984)
FRE	9-Modern	1998	“1968 was a turning point for the United States.”  To what extent is this an accurate statement?  In your answer, discuss TWO of the following: (1998) National politics Vietnam War Civil Rights
FRE	9-Modern	2004B	“Between 1960 and 1975, there was great progress in the struggle for political and social equality.”  Assess the validity of this statement with respect to TWO of the following groups during that period. African Americans Asian Americans Latinos Native Americans Women
FRE	9-Modern	1973	“Hawks” and “doves” have disagreed on United States involvement in wars since the inception of the nation.  Compare the “hawk” to the “dove” position for both a war  of the nineteenth  century and a war of the twentieth century. (73)
FRE	9-Modern	1980	A presidential election that results in defeat of the party in power usually indicates the failure of the party in power to have dealt effectively with the nation’s problems, rather than indicating the positive appeal of the winning candidate and his party platform.  Assess the validity of this generalization with reference to TWO of the elections in which the party in power was defeated: 1912, 1920,1932,1952, 1960. (80)
FRE	9-Modern	2011	African American leaders have responded to racial discrimination in the United States in a variety of ways. Compare and contrast the goals and strategies of African American leaders in the 1890s –1920s with the goals and strategies of African American leaders in the 1950s –1960s.
FRE	9-Modern	1991	Although the 1960’s are usually considered the decade of greatest achievement for Black civil rights, the 1940’s and 1950’s were periods of equally important gains.  Assess the validity… (1991)
FRE	9-Modern	2010B	Analyze the effects of the Vietnam War on TWO of the following in the United States in the period 1961 to 1975. The presidency The population between 18 and 35 years old Cold War diplomacy
FRE	9-Modern	2005	Analyze the extent to which TWO of the following transformed American society in the 1960’s and 1970’s.(2005) The Civil Rights Movement The anti-war movement The women’s movement
FRE	9-Modern	2009B	Analyze the ways in which events and trends of the 1970’s diminished the nation’s economic power and international influence, and challenged Americans’ confidence in both.
FRE	9-Modern	2005B	Analyze the ways in which TWO of the following contributed to the changes is women’s lives in the United States in the mid-twentieth century.  Wars Literature and/or popular culture Medical and/or technological advances
FRE	9-Modern	2002B	Analyze the ways in which TWO of the following shaped American politics after the Second World War. Anticommunism in the 1940’s and 1950’s The women’s liberation movement of the 1960’s The “silent majority” in the 1970’s
FRE	9-Modern	1973	Candidates elected to the presidency in the twentieth century have usually campaigned as middle–of–the-road men without strong commitments.  Assess the validity of this generalization.  (73)
FRE	9-Modern	2011B	Compare and contrast the women’s rights movement of the 1840s–1860s with the women’s rights movement of the 1960s–1980s.
FRE	9-Modern	2003	Compare and contrast United States society in the 1920’s and the 1950’s with respect to TWO of the following: (2003) race relations role of women consumerism
FRE	9-Modern	1982	Compare the goals and strategies of Black reform movements in the period 1890–1910 to the  goals and strategies of Black reform movements in the period 1950-1970. (82)
FRE	9-Modern	1973	Controversy between integrationist and separatist viewpoints has long been a dominant theme within the black community.  Analyze the controversy among blacks for the period 1920 - 1970.  (73)
FRE	9-Modern	2003B	Describe and account for changes in the American presidency between 1960 and 1975, as symbolized by Kennedy’s “Camelot,” LBJ’s Great Society, and Nixon’s Watergate.  In your answer, address the powers of the presidency and the role of the media.
FRE	9-Modern	2005	Describe the patterns of immigration in TWO periods listed below. Compare and contrast the responses of Americans to immigrants in  these periods(2005) 1820 to 1860 1880 to 1924 1965 to 2000
FRE	9-Modern	1993	Describe THREE of the following and analyze the ways in which each of the three has affected the status of women in American society since 1940. (1993) Changing economic conditions The rebirth of an organized women’s movement Advances in reproductive technology The persistence of traditional definitions of women’s roles
FRE	9-Modern	1972	Discuss the adjustments of ONE of the following minority groups to American life. American Indians from 1860 -1900 Puerto Ricans from 1910 – 1970 Mexican -Americans from 1910 – 1970      Japanese Americans from 1910 - 1970 (72)
FRE	9-Modern	2000	Discuss, with respect to TWO of the following, the view that the 1960’s represented a period of profound cultural change.(2000) Education Gender roles Music Race relations
FRE	9-Modern	1979	During the twentieth century, American “progressives” or “liberals” at some times advocated a strong presidency and expanded executive power, while “conservatives” opposed the expansion of these powers.  At other times, the “liberals” and “conservative” positions were reversed.  Assess the validity of this statement with reference to the periods 1900–1940 AND 1965–1974.  (79)
FRE	9-Modern	2010	Explain the causes and consequences of TWO of the following population movements in the United States during the period 1945–1985. (2010) Suburbanization The growth of the Sun Belt Immigration to the United States
FRE	9-Modern	2009B	Explain the origins of TWO of the following third parties and evaluate their impact on United States politics and national policies. The People’s Party (Populists), 1892 The Progressive Party (Bull Moose), 1912 The States’ Rights Party (Dixiecrats), 1948 The American Independent Party, 1968
FRE	9-Modern	1990	Foreign affairs rather than domestic issues shaped presidential politics in the   Election year 1968.  Assess the validity of this statement with specific reference to foreign and domestic issues.  (90)
FRE	9-Modern	1978	From 1914 to the present, the main trend in the relationship between the central government and the states has been toward concentration of power in the federal government.  Discuss with reference to such areas of governmental power as regulation of business, social welfare, and civil rights.  (78)
FRE	9-Modern	1975	Greater similarities than differences have characterized the experiences of all ethnic and racial groups who have migrated to American cities.  Assess the validity of this generalization with reference to the Irish and Germans from the 1840’s to the 1890’s AND black Americans from 1915 - 1970.  (75)
FRE	9-Modern	2002	How did the African-American Civil Rights movement of the 1950’s and 1960’s address the failures of Reconstruction? (2002)
FRE	9-Modern	1975	In the period since 1945, the Republican Party, as represented in the administrations of Dwight Eisenhower (1953-1961) and Richard M. Nixon (1969-1974), virtually abandoned the opposition to the New Deal expressed in the 1930’s.  Assess the validity of this generalization.   (75)
FRE	9-Modern	1992	In what ways did the Great Society resemble the New Deal in its origins, goals, and social and political legacy?  Cite specific programs and policies in support of your arguments. (1992)
FRE	9-Modern	1977	Most of the reform legislation since 1900 has been the work of special interests seeking to advance their own well–being, but the adoption of such legislation has required the general support of others who were not directly affected but who perceived it to be in the public interest.  Assess the validity of this statement with reference to THREE examples of reform legislation since 1900.  You may draw your examples from reform at any level of government: national, state, or municipal.  (77)
FRE	9-Modern	1977	Presidents who have been notably successful in either foreign affairs or domestic affairs have seldom been notably successful in both.  Assess this statement with reference to TWO presidents, on in the nineteenth century, and the other in the twentieth century, giving reasons for success or failure in each case.  (77)
FRE	9-Modern	1983	Shifts in party control of the presidency during the twentieth century have typically NOT brought major shifts in domestic policy.  Assess the validity of this statement. Illustrate your argument by discussing the extent to which TWO of the following presidents adopted the DOMESTIC programs of the previous presidential administrations given in parentheses beneath their names. Woodrow Wilson (administration of William H. Taft and Theodore Roosevelt) Franklin D. Roosevelt (administration of Herbert Hoover) Dwight D. Eisenhower (administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman) Richard M. Nixon (administration of Lyndon B. Johnson and John F. Kennedy)  (83)
FRE	9-Modern	1987	Social dislocations resulting from wartime conditions frequently bring lasting change within a society.  Evaluate the relevance of this generalization to American society in the twentieth century in view of the experience of Blacks AND women.  (87)
FRE	9-Modern	1977	The leadership, organization, and programs of ethnic and racial minority movements after 1945 represented a fundamental departure from those which had existed from 1900 to 1945.  Discuss with reference to black Americans or Mexican Americans, giving about equal attention to the periods before and after 1945.  (77)
FRE	9-Modern	1976	The principal cause of the expansion of the American presidential power in the twentieth century has been war and diplomacy rather than domestic growth and        crisis.  Assess the validity of this statement. (76)
FRE	9-Modern	1985	The size, character, and effectiveness of the organized labor movement changed significantly during the late nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century.  Apply this statement to TWO of the periods: 1870 -1915 1915 – 1935 1935 - 1950  (85)
FRE	9-Modern	1994	To what extent did the decade of the 1950’s deserve its reputation as an age of political, social, and cultural conformity? (1994)
FRE	9-Modern	1989	Vice -Presidents who have succeeded to the presidency on the death of the President have been less effective in their conduct of domestic AND foreign policy than the men they have replaced.  Assess the validity of this statement for any TWO of the following pairs. William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson   (89)
FRE	9-Modern	1985	What accounted for the growth between 1940 and 1965 of popular and governmental concern for the position of Blacks in American society?  (85)
FRE	9-Modern	2006	While the United States appeared to be dominated by consensus and conformity in the 1950’s, some Americans reacted against the status quo. (2006)Analyze the critiques of United States society made by TWO of the following: Youth Civil Rights Activists Intellectuals